科技论文写作常见痛点分析
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阅读： 2024/10/15 15:09:50
论文写作应当思路清晰、简明扼要、层次恰当，以便读者能够立即理解你想表达的意思，而科技论文写作中造成读者理解困难的最常见的语法、结构和文体问题包含以下几点：
1. Faulty comparison：不完整、含糊的比较。
Our conclusions are consistent with Tamseela et al. → Our conclusions are consistent with the conclusions of/those of Tamseela et al.
We found more fertilized eggs in buffer A compared to buffer B. → We found more fertilized eggs in buffer A than in buffer B. [使用比较级词语时，用 “than”；注意这里重复使用了“in”，目的是保持平行结构]
KD increased over time compared to KA. → KD increased over time, but KA did not. [避免“compared to” 与 “decreased” 或 “increased” 一起使用，造成语义模糊]
2. Noun cluster：两个或更多的名词排列。
cultured rat tracheal endothelial cells → cultures of endothelial cells from the tracheas of rats
3. Undefined abbreviation：正文中出现不加定义的非规范缩写。
4. Inconsistent key term：使用互不联系的不同术语表示同一含义。
5. Long sentences：使用太多的长句。
6. Nominalization：使用名词替代更积极、有趣的动词。
Measurement → measure
7. Redundancy：用不同的方式重复表述同样的事情，或不必要的使用长的短语。
the majority of → most
reduced to dryness → dried
utilize → use
其他一些冗长的例子（括号中的词均属多余）。
(already) existing
(basic) fundamentals
cold (temperature)
(currently) underway
each and every [choose one]
estimated (roughly) at
first (and foremost)
(main) essentials
period (of time)
(still) persists
at (the) present (time)
blue (in color)
(completely) eliminate
each (individual)
(end) result
(final) outcome
(future) plans
never (before)
可以简化的短语。
Avoid
Better
Avoid
Better
a considerable number of
many
utilization
use
an adequate amount of
enough
with reference/regard to
about (or omit)
an example of this is the fact that
for example
with respect to
about
as a consequence of
because
with the exception of
except
at no time
never
due to the fact that
due to
based on the fact that
because
during the time that
while, when
by means of
by
first of all
first
despite the fact that
although
for the purpose of
to
in light of the fact that
because
has the capability of
can, is able
8. Faulty verb tense：错误的动词时态。
9. Unspecific word choice：用词不准确或不清楚。
The sample was incubated for several hours. 应给出数量值 (several hours → 24 hours)
Nests were observed frequently for signs of predation. 应给出具体数据(frequently → every 12 hours)
10. Faulty reference：正文中参考文献的位置错误、误引、不准确引用或漏引。11. Faulty structural element：必要的要素缺失、位置错误或模糊（如：没有阐述实验的目的、数据不加解释、缺少结论）。
其他一些常见用错的词汇：
significant(ly)
只有在谈论统计学的重要性时才使用，而且要给出P值（P value），否则只能用important, substantial, markedly, meaningful或notable.
Southern blotted → 正确用法应为：analyzed by southern blot
Western blotted → 正确用法应为：subjected to western blot analysis或analyzed by western blot
electrophorized → 正确用法应为：analyzed by/subjected to electrophoresis
vortexed → vortex只能以名词形式存在，应改为was mixed by vortex
此外，要谨慎处理语言表述：
避免性别歧视。
A nurse should double-check her IV settings. → Nurses should double-check their IV settings.
减少病耻感(stigma)的语言注意事项。
糖尿病患者 diabetic/diabetes patients → Person/People with diabetes
控制control → manage
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